The concept of brotherhood championed by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) vividly exemplifies the profound ideals of Islamic coexistence.
This was evident when the Prophet (PBUH) established the Yathrib (Madinah) community, a transformative act that united Jews and the Arab tribes of Aws and Khazraj, who had long been in conflict.
The Prophet (PBUH) turned their enmity into peaceful unity, allowing the tribes to unite and form a cooperative community dedicated to overcoming oppression and adversity.
Historical accounts reveal unprecedented brotherhood between the Emigrants (Muhajirun) and the Helpers (Ansar). Under the Prophet’s (PBUH) leadership, Emigrants inherited from Ansar in place of the latter’s relatives, a testament to the strength of their newfound fraternity.
As Allah states: “Indeed, those who have believed and emigrated and fought with their wealth and lives in the cause of Allah, and those who gave shelter and aided are allies of one another” (8:72).
This inclusive approach to peaceful coexistence extended to Christians, Jews, and others, reflecting the just system implemented by the Prophet (PBUH). Despite some Jewish tribes’ breaches of treaties and support for Islam’s adversaries, the Prophet’s (PBUH) approach emphasized restraint and diplomacy.
Al-Qur’an addresses these diverse relationships, noting that Jews and Christians might disapprove of Muslims until they follow their respective religions. However, it also asserts that Christians are closer to Muslims in affection than Jews and polytheists: “You will find the nearest in love to the believers (Muslims) those who say, ‘We are Christians’” (5:82).
This distinction underscores the principle of peaceful coexistence advocated by the Prophet (PBUH), which curbed the excesses of conflict and fostered social harmony.
The Prophet also established a framework for peaceful coexistence through treaties, such as the Constitution of Medina, which aimed to organize social relations among Muslims and non-Muslims. The treaties defined the rights and responsibilities of different groups, ensuring justice and cooperation.
The Prophet’s (SM) interactions with Christians also highlight his commitment to peaceful coexistence. He sent early Muslims to Abyssinia, where they found a supportive Christian society. Prophet (PBUH) expressed gratitude to King Najashi of Abyssinia and conducted his funeral prayers, a powerful demonstration of respect for other faiths.
Moreover, the Prophet (PBUH) welcomed Christian delegations to Medina, allowing them to practice their religion freely. These instances illustrate the Prophet’s (SM) dedication to fostering harmonious relationships and serving as a model for interfaith coexistence.
Dr. Md. Iqbal Hossain
Professor, Islamic University, Kushtia
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