Electronic ‘noses’ help sniff out forest fires in Germany

AFP :
Sensors that can sniff out a wildfire minutes after it starts are being trialled in Brandenburg, the
German region most hit by forest fires.

In the heart of Eberswalde forest northeast of Berlin, Juergen Mueller coaxed flames out of a fire pit using highly flammable pine branches as kindling.
It doesn’t take long before the first wisps of smoke start curling into the air.

The 69-year-old retired forestry expert has come to test a green-and-black device, powered by solar energy, that can detect the gases emitted during the earliest, smouldering phase of a fire.
The devices were created two years ago by the Berlin start-up Dryad Networks, which Mueller co-founded, and come equipped with ultra-sensitive gas sensors developed by German engineering firm Bosch.

Acting like “an electronic nose”, Mueller said, the sensors are attached to trees and also monitor temperature, humidity and air pressure.
“In 10, 15 minutes we can detect an incipient fire before it becomes an open fire,” he said-faster than traditional surveillance systems.
With the help of artificial intelligence, the sensor can tell the difference between a nascent wildfire or, for example, the fumes from a passing diesel truck.
At his lab in Eberswalde, Mueller also teaches the device to distinguish between different types of wildfires, by exposing it to the smoke from a range of wood shavings.
By doing this, the sensor learns “what the smoke from a pine or beech forest
smells like,” he said.

As soon as a fire is detected, the data gets relayed to a cloud-based monitoring system and fire authorities are alerted.
Eberswalde forest has been fitted with around 400 sensors, or one device per hectare (2.5 acres), as part of a pilot project with the municipality to test the early-warning system’s reliability.