Al Jazeera :
President Emmanuel Macron has undertaken a crackdown on what he calls Islamist separatism and radical Islam in France following deadly jihadist attacks in recent years by foreign and homegrown militants.
Last year, Sihame Denguir enrolled her teenage son and daughter in France’s largest Muslim private school, in the northern city of Lille some 200 kilometres (125 miles) from their middle-class suburban Parisian home.
The move meant financial sacrifices. Denguir, 41, now pays fees at the partially state-subsidised Averroes school and rents a flat in Lille for her children and their grandmother, who moved to care for them.
But Averroes’ academic record, among the best in France, was a powerful draw.
So she was dumbstruck in December when the school lost government funding worth around two million euros a year on grounds it failed to comply with secular principles enshrined in France’s national education guidelines.
“The high school has done so well,” Denguir told Reuters in a park near her home in Cergy, calling Averroes open-minded. “It should be valued. It should be held up as an example.”
President Emmanuel Macron has undertaken a crackdown on what he calls Islamist separatism and radical Islam in France following deadly jihadist attacks in recent years by foreign and homegrown militants.
Macron is under pressure from the far right Rassemblement National (RN), which holds a wide lead over his party ahead of European elections this week.
The crackdown seeks to limit foreign influence over Muslim institutions in France and tackle what Macron has said is a long-term Islamist plan to take control of the French Republic.
Macron denies stigmatising Muslims and says Islam has a place in French society. However, rights and Muslim groups say that by targeting schools like Averroes, the government is impinging on religious freedom, making it harder for Muslims to express their identity.
Four parents and three academics Reuters spoke to for this story said the campaign risks being counterproductive, alienating Muslims who want their children to succeed within the French system, including at high-performing mainstream schools such as Averroes.
Thomas Misita, 42, father of three daughters attending Averroes, said he was taught at school that France’s principles included equality, fraternity and freedom of religion.
“I feel betrayed. I feel singled out, smeared, slandered,” Misita said. “I feel 100% French, but it creates a divide. A small divide with your own country.”
The school’s long-term survival is now in question.
Despite raising about 1 million euros in donations from individuals, enrollment for next year has dropped to about 500 students, from 800, headmaster Eric Dufour told Reuters in May.
Macron’s office referred a request for comment to the interior ministry, which did not respond.
The education ministry said it did not differentiate between schools of different faiths in applying the law. The ministry said despite academic success, Averroes had failings, citing “administrative and budgetary management” and a lack of transparency.
The school is in a legal battle to overturn the decision.
Headmaster Eric Dufour told Reuters the school had given the state “all the guarantees” to show that it respected funding terms and French values.
“We are the most inspected school in France,” he said.
Local offices of the national government have closed at least five Muslim schools since Macron came to power in 2017, according to a Reuters tally. Reuters was only able to find one Muslim school closed under his predecessors.
In the first year of Macron’s presidency, one other school lost public funding, pledged in May 2017 by the government of former president Francois Hollande.
Since 2017, only one Muslim school has been awarded state funding, compared to nine in total under Macron’s two predecessors, Education Ministry data shows. The National Federation for Muslim Education (FNEM) told Reuters it made about 70 applications on behalf of Muslim schools in that period.
Reuters spoke to more than a dozen current and former headmasters and teachers in ten Muslim schools, who said the establishments were being targeted, including being censured on flimsy grounds, and that perceived discrimination was preventing them integrating more closely with the state system.
“It’s really a double standard of who has to conform to secular Republican values in a certain way, and who doesn’t,” said American anthropologist Carol Ferrera, who studies French faith schools and says Catholic and Jewish schools are treated more leniently.
Prominent Parisian Catholic school Stanislas has kept its funding despite inspectors last year finding issues including sexist or homophobic ideas and mandatory religious classes, French media has reported.
The education ministry said the government had increased supervision of private schools under Macron, leading to more closures, including of some non-denominational schools. It cited budget restraints as a reason for the low number of schools offered public funding.
While some of the five closed Muslim schools taught conservative versions of Islam, according to the education ministry statements and closure orders, the headmasters and teachers Reuters spoke to emphasised their schools’ efforts to create a mainstream and tolerant teaching environment.
“There was never a desire for separatism,” said Mamoud Awad, board member at Education & Savoir, the school that lost state funding soon after Macron took office.
“At some point they have to accept that a Muslim school is like a Catholic school or a Jewish school,” he said.