Bangladesh stuck in middle-income trap: Debapriya
NN Online:
Economist Dr Debapriya Bhattacharya said on Tuesday that Bangladesh is already caught in the middle-income trap, citing low productivity in the country’s industrial, agricultural, and service sectors as a key factor.
He made the remarks during a roundtable titled “Bangladesh’s Aspiration to be a Middle-Income Country: Trajectory, Reality, and Perils” held at the Foreign Service Academy in Dhaka on Tuesday.
The event was organised by the only diplomatic publication magazine in Bangladesh “Diplomate World.”
Dr Debapriya said, “Changing a government does not necessarily mean a change in governance. Without addressing this culture, reforms will not yield any meaningful results.
“The manufacturing sector remains overly dependent on the garment industry, and the need for incentives to unlock the potential of other sectors, including jute, leather and IT, to achieve effective export diversification.”
Decline in education quality
Dr Debapriya, head of the White Paper Drafting Committee and a distinguished fellow of the Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), said that the quality of education in Bangladesh has deteriorated significantly. “The country allocates less than 2 percent of its GDP to education, one of the lowest rates among comparable economies.”
Highlighting inefficiencies, he said that much of the education budget is absorbed by non-productive expenditures such as salaries, leaving a disproportionately small amount for actual development.
“Rather than setting up universities in every district, improving the quality of primary education should be prioritised,” he emphasised.
High migration costs and corruption
Dr Debapriya also addressed the high cost of migration for Bangladeshi workers, which is three times that of Nepal. “This is due to corruption. A syndicate is exploiting migrant workers, draining their earnings without offering any tangible benefits,” he said.
Urbanisation challenges
Unplanned urbanisation and industrialisation have created significant challenges, particularly in traffic management, law and order and the delivery of quality public services, Debapriya said.
“These issues present another major hurdle for Bangladesh as it seeks to escape the middle-income trap,” he added.
Former diplomats, Foreign Service officials and academicians, among others, attended the event.