Gravity talk

Md Sadat Hussain Rafsanjani :
Imagine a morning when you wake up and find everything is floating around you as earth has lost its gravity? Can you imagine the horrible situations? A day on the earth without the gravity, can we really imagine? Here are some hints what will you see. You won’t even wake up in the morning to see the scenario of the hazardous earth as by losing the gravity the earth would also lose the biosphere of air surrounding the earth. Water would be vaporised, life would extinct!
Antigravity is the state of bypassing the universal force known to attract every object towards the centres of each other. This very point is called ‘centre of gravity.’ It is proclaimed that all the mass of a matter is saturated to this central point.
There are four basic forces namely strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force and the gravitation. This phenomenon induces that, gravity can be reduced to zero state when every object will float or levitate and no attraction will be faced among the matters. Point to be noted that, the anti-gravity effect does not refer to the feelings that the matter is lacked of weight, a phenomenon faced in free fall or orbiting the earth at different altitudes or balance the gravity with another force. Anti-gravity eliminates the gravitational force commonly induced to a matter.
Gravity is a universal force of unknown origin. Sir Isaac Newton in his book titled ‘Mathematical Principle of Natural Philosophy,’ first published in 1687, stated that any two bodies in the universe attract each other to words its centre and the attraction force is proportional to the product of mass of the bodies and inversely proportion with the square distance between them. But the theory became null and void in due to its resemblance with another law related to static electricity called Coulombs law.
The coulombs law is similar to the Newton law except the law is stated for two electric charged particles. Albert Einstein postulated the general theory of relativity where gravitation is represented as the effect of space-time curvature. He published his works in 1916 where he postulated that gravity is a geometric property of space and time. However, it is not widely used today unless a precision measurement is required. Nonetheless, Newtonian gravitational equation is applied mostly. A new generation of quantum physicists proclaims that, gravity is the force generated from graviton, a particle that is believed to be the source of universal gravity. Not much information is known about the elementary particle.
The general theory of relativity says any form of energy if couples with space-time to create the geometric, a force will be generated called gravity. The law states that gravity is an effect resulted from a normal change in the shape of space caused by a local mass. That is gravity is not a true force itself but a property of space-time, caused when the shape of space-time is deformed by a massive mass. The theory was well accepted but debated a lot. But when an astronomical phenomenon was predicted by Einstein, which was witnessed by many to be true, soon the theory replaced Newtonian theorems. Furthermore, scientists started to look for a way to reduce the effect of gravity by constructing a shield. Complexity and confusion both arose, when scientist started to develop a fifth force equation that can merge or unify the four basic forces in a single line. Every possible way was tried to create the equation but every time scientists became disappointed for not be able to unify the weakest universal force, gravity. After the emergence of quantum physics, many suggested that like light is represented by photon particle, there must be a particle that also represents gravity. If the particle really exists than it is possible that an inverse force can be created artificially. But all the efforts in vain till now.
Previously, Anti gravity was named gravity shielding, a way in which the universal gravitational effect can be reduced to near zero that the matter starts to levitate and shows almost zero weight. The concept of anti gravity first got mainstream attention in 1948 when a businessman named Roger Ward Bobson who founded a research community called gravity research foundation to study the way how to reduce the effect of gravity induced naturally on an object. As he died, the foundation almost disappeared. But before that, as the general theory of relativity was postulated, many researchers started to bend the rule of gravity.
Gravity can be suppressed using very strong electromagnetic force. Actually, the gravity works on the matter never eliminated but works improperly due to the effect of electromagnetism. This effect is called magnetic levitation or magnetic suspension. The object is suspended so that a counter force is evolved that helps to produce upward force lift and provides stability to reduce the flipping effect. The technology is used in magnetic trains, called Maglev. Although, levitation is generally done using the electromagnetic way, another experiment shows that levitation can be achieved by acoustic way. That is inside a medium, an object can be levitated using sound waves. The frequency may vary thus the sound may be hearable or not. NASA later researched on it.
Another hovering device Ionocraft can hover in the air using the accelerated ions stripped from the surrounding creates a thrust effect on the device. Basically, it is an ion-propelled device that can achieve levitating state using the laws of electro-thermodynamics. Generally it is denoted as an anti gravity device but the matter of the fact is, it is a lifter. Also known as electro-gravitics, lifter is consisted with two parallel electrodes .The device creates thrust when applied high voltage. The voltage level can be 20 to 50kv. At about 30kv, the air surrounding the device becomes ionised; electrons are striped from air atom. Thus, air pressured is reduced removed from the vicinity of the device, causes it to hover in the air. Technically, that is the reason it is called lifter because it was never designed to defy gravity.
Gravity in the space has a long dispute. The concept first encountered when scientists started to live on the space stations and they felt an urge for gravity. A common problem faced by astronauts is motion sickness. On earth the gravity tells us which side is up and which one is down, the body balance is maintained by the inner ear sensors called vestibular system. But in the space, loss of gravity bewilders our brain and inner ear sensors thus more than forty percent of astronauts feels dizziness, disorientation and nausea. In zero gravity the body muscle is never worked or harnessed hard thus one loses muscle frequently leaves an astronaut under weighted. Thus they must undergo a serious training regime to regain muscle as well as muscle power. Another anomaly is backaches; in the space the space between the vertebras extend to few inches thus left the person taller, which cause back pain along the vertebra line. Also, excretions of calcium and phosphorous due to the lack of gravity results in bone loss, poor body structure. In space, somatic cell shape changes. Many astronauts report that food taste abruptly changed for them. Even they found the favourite food taste vary bland and tasteless. Blood pressure rises due to the loss of gravity. As our body is filled with fluid, the cardiovascular system works properly in the presence of gravity but when the gravity is on the verge, the system triggers a body fluid shift to the upper portion of body causes puffy face, nasal congestion and headache. The increased fluid rate maintains a certain pressure on the intracranial nerves as well as optic nerve thus increased pressure on eyeballs is experienced by many, which creates disruption. The red cells of blood called erythrocyte may change their shapes to more spherical. Immune system shows degrading performance as astronauts are prone to be infected by common bacteria and fungi easily.
Thus artificial gravity was postulated to overcome these problems. Artificial gravity can be achieved in the space station using rotation of the spaceship. If a space station rotates in a fixed speed at clockwise direction, a force will be generated inside the space station called centripetal force that will try to keep the astronaut move in the circular direction. But as he rotates, his inertia will try to move him according to a straight line but this situation is not possible. Thus the astronaut feels of having been induced by the gravity. Note that, the faster the station spins, the greater are the force acceleration and the larger the station the smaller the centripetal acceleration is felt. The later design is more accurate for a practical space station implementation. The system is ok for anyone when rotating two times per minutes but some may adapt to a bit more speed. Rotation seven times or more per minutes is seen very impractical as it will left most of the astronauts senseless or disoriented. If a space station is 500 meter in radius moving at the speed of seventy meter per seconds, the one revolution will take approximately forty four seconds to complete. That speed will still cause a big problem as people on boards start to throw-up.
Another technique is called linear acceleration. Linear acceleration is faced by everybody in our day-to-day life when we travel inside a bus or motion vehicle. As the speed grows, we feel an urge against the forward motion, towards the backside. It is a linear force that is evident in rocket propulsion but the effect is short lived thus not suitable for all situations. A very comprehensive method can be attaching a high-density mass with the station.
The high density mass will create an artificial gravity in natural way. This is also impractical as moving with a high density mass requires a lots of fuel consumption. Physicist says that, powerful magnets can create sufficient gravitational force to levitate or cancel the earth gravitation. But in that case a powerful magnet will be required mega watts of electricity.